Chemical transport and emission modelling on regional, global and urban scales

Adolf Ebel, Rainer Friedrich and Henning Rodhe, Editors

The end result of policy-related experimental and theoretical scientific work on the abatement of atmospheric emissions is a hierarchy of computer models that can be used to analyse and predict the behaviour of pollutants on the urban, local regional and global scales. Such models are required to simulate an extremely complex natural situation in which a non-linear chemistry must be included together with the vagaries of the meteorology and the terrain. To this must be added the uncertainties in the data provided to the model, particularly in the estimates of the emissions of pollutants and their precursors, both of anthropogenic and natural origin. This book describes recent advances in the development and application of models on all scales, and in the techniques for the estimation and verification of emissions. It includes reviews of recent work together with detailed results and so provides a useful picture of the field in a European context. It is volume 7 of the series on the Transport and Chemical Tran

Chapter 1 Air Quality Models and Modelling in EUMAC: an overview

1.1 Aims of the subproject EUMAC
1.2 Principal scientific activities and results
1.3 Conclusions

Chapter 2 Larger Scale Modelling of Air Pollutant Transport, Transformation and Deposition in Europe

2.1 Simulation of Chemical Transformation and Transport of Air Pollutants with the Model System EURAD
A. Ebel, H. Elbern, H. Hass, H.J. Jakobs, M. Memmesheimer, M. Laube, A.ÊOberreuter and G. Piekorz

2.2 Another Meteorological Driver (HIRHAM) for the EURAD Chemistry-Transport Model: Validation and Sensitivity Studies with the Coupled System
B. Langmann and H.-F. Graf

2.3 Transport Modelling over Sea Areas
M. Hongisto and S.M. Joffre

2.4 Validation of the Gas-Phase Chemistry of the EURAD Model by Comparison with Field Measurements
D. Poppe, J. Zimmermann and M. Kuhn

2.5 Diagnostics of Vertical Subscale Fluxes (SUBFLUX)
M. Hantel and Y. Wang

Chapter 3 Smaller Scale Modelling of Air Pollutant Transport, Transformation and Deposition in Europe

3.1 Coupling of the DRAIS Model with the EURAD Model and Analysis of Subscale Phenomena
K. Nester, F. Fiedler and H.J. Panitz

3.2 The EUMAC Zooming Model, a Tool Supporting Environmental Policy Decisions in the Local-to-Regional Scale
Moussiopoulos, N., G. Ernst, Th. Flassak, Ch. Kessler, P. Sahm, R.ÊKunz, C. Schneider, T. Voegele, K. Karatzas, V. Megariti and S. Papalexiou

3.3 Nesting of Mesoscale Models in Complex Terrain
L. Gantner and J. Egger

3.4 Development and Application of a Mesoscale Integrated System for Photochemical Pollution Modelling
C. Borrego and N. Barros

3.5 An Air Quality Model that Incorporates Aqueous-Phase Chemistry for Calculating Concentrations of Ozone, and Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Pollutants in Europe
J.M. Giovannoni, F. Müller, A. Clappier and A.G. Russell

3.6 Subgrid Modelling of Atmospheric Chemistry with the Aid of Large-Eddy Modelling
F.T.M. Nieuwstadt

Chapter 4 Cloud and Fog Effects and their Parameterisation in Regional Air Quality Models

4.1 Cloud Chemistry Modelling
G. Mauersberger

4.2 Parameterisation of Wet Deposition by Convective Clouds
A.I. Flossmann and H.R. Pruppacher

4.3 Modelling Cloud Chemical Processes
W.R. Stockwell and T. Schönemeyer

4.4 Modelling and Parameterisation of Chemical Reactions in Connection with Fog Events
R. Forkel, A. Ruggaber, W. Seidl and R. Dlugi

4.5 New Developments in Regional Cloud Chemistry Modelling
N. Chaumerliac and S. Cautenet

4.6 Regional-Scale Modelling of Cloud Effects on Atmospheric Constituents
P.J.H. Builtjes and J. Matthijsen

Chapter 5 EUMAC Publications: 1988 - 1996

Chapter 6 GENEMIS: Assessment, Improvement, and Temporal and Spatial Disaggregation of European Emission Data

6.1 Summary
6.2 Aims of the research
6.3 Results of the GENEMIS project
6.4 Conclusions

Chapter 7 Temporal Disaggregation of Emission Data

7.1 The GENEMIS Inventory: European Emission Data with High Temporal and Spatial Resolution
L. Lenhart, T. Heck and R. Friedrich

7.2 Temporal Variation of Emissions from Large Point Sources in Europe
D. Adolph, U. Hansen J. Kim and B. Zinsius

7.3 Development of Methods for the Temporal Disaggregation of NMVOC and NOx Emission Data for Austria
W. Winiwarter

7.4 Diurnal and Seasonal Variation in the NH3 Emission Rate
W. Asman, H. Nielsen, H. Langberg, S. Sommer, S. Pedersen, H. Kjaer and L. Knudsen

Chapter 8 Evaluation of Emissions and Emission Factors

8.1 Application of the EURAD Model to a Summer Smog Episode using GENEMIS Emission Data
M. Memmesheimer, H.J. Jakobs, A. Oberreuter, H.J. Bock, G. Piekorz, A.ÊEbel and H. Hass

8.2 Emission Factors from Road Traffic from a Tunnel Study (Gubrist Tunnel, Switzerland)
J. Staehelin and K. SchlÉpfer

Chapter 9 Land Use Data

9.1 Mapping Land Cover for Europe
R. Kûble and G. Smiatek

Chapter 10 Emissions in Central and Eastern Europe

10.1 Effects of the Economic Crisis on Atmospheric Emissions in Central and Eastern Europe 1990Ð1992: Results of the CERES Project
M. Heymann

10.2 Development of the Indexes for Temporal and Spatial Disaggregation of Air Pollutant Emissions in Poland
J. Fudala, M. Cenowski and M. Zeglin

10.3 Results of the CERES Project in Poland
W. Pazdan, R. Pazdan and M. Krzeminski

10.4 Data Collection and Evaluation in Russia for GENEMIS
V. Milyaev and A. Yasenski

10.5 Data Collection and Evaluation in Bulgaria for GENEMIS
S. Bogdanov

Chapter 11 Generation of Emission Inventories

11.1 Evaluation of Biogenic Non-methane Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Greek Forests
N. Moussiopoulos, P. Tsilingiridis and P. Pistikopoulos

11.2 Emission Inventory of Major Pollutant Categories in Turkey
A. MÄezzinoglu, M. Tiris, A. Bayram and T. Elbir

11.3 Emission Data Bank for Timis County, Romania
A. Anghelus, T. Camaroschi, E. Lûrinczi, M. Lûrinczi and A. Ritivoiu

Chapter 12 Power Plant Emission Factors

12.1 Determination of NOx and Heavy Metal Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants
U. Karl, D. Oertel, C. Veaux and O. Rentz

12.2 Determination of Specific Emission Factors and Diurnal Cycles for Fossil-Fuel Burning Power Utilities
R. Flisz1/r-Baranyai, J. Fekete, J. Os1/n, B. Tûrûk and S. Tûrûk

Chapter 13 GENEMIS Publications: 1992 - 1995

Chapter 14 An Overview of Global Atmospheric Chemistry Modelling

14.1 Summary
14.2 The Original Aims of the Subproject
14.3 Principal Scientific Results
14.4 Achievements with Respect to Original Aims

Chapter 15 Individual Reports from GLOMAC Contributors

15.1 Modelling Global Distribution of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds
H. Rodhe, L. Gallardo, U. Hansson, E. Kjellstrûm and J. Langer

15.2 Development of a Time-Dependent Global Tropospheric Air Chemistry Model ÒGLOMACÓ based on the Weather Forecast Model of the ÒECMWFÓ
P. Crutzen, B. Brost, F. Dentener, H. Feichter, R.ÊHein, M. Kanakidou, J.ÊLelieveld and P. Zimmermann

15.3 Impact of VOCs of Natural and Anthropogenic Origin on the Oxidising Capacity of the Atmosphere
M. Kanakidou, P. David and N. Poisson

15.4 Implementation of Aerosol Processes in Global Transport Models
F. Raes, J. Wilson and W. Cooke

15.5 Contributions to Global Modelling of Transport, Atmospheric Composition and Radiation
H. Kelder, M. Allaart, J.P. Beck, R. van Dorland, P. Fortuin, L. Heijboer, A.ÊJeuken, M. Krol, T.H. The, P. van Velthoven and G. Verver

Chapter 16 GLOMAC Publications: 1989 - 1996