Instrument Development for Atmospheric Research and Monitoring

Lidar profiling, DOAS and tunable diode laser spectroscopy

The growth in our understanding of the production, transformation and loss of pollutants and trace substances in the atmosphere has followed closely the development of instrumentation for both in-situ and remote measurements of the minute concentrations and fluxes of trace substances. In recent times the requirement has been for instruments which have a fast response, are chemically specific, and sensitive enough to detect small changes in concentrations at ppb and ppt levels. This book gives an account of three such techniques. Lidar measurements provide instantaneous vertical profiles of ozone, aerosols and other compounds in the troposphere. With differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) concentrations of a number of species including some free radicals can be measured simultaneously in real time. Tunable diode laser spectroscopy offers the possibility of measuring particular species with a high sensitivity and for making eddy correlation measurements of their fluxes. Each technique is reviewed a

Chapter 2 Methodology
G. Ancellet and J. Bösenberg

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Concentration levels, spatial and temporal scales for ozone monitoring
2.3 The DIAL Technique
2.4 Simulation studies
2.5 Aerosol interferences
2.6 Interference with other gases
2.7 IR measurements
2.8 Multiwavelength techniques
2.9 References

Chapter 3 Instruments
A. Papayannis

3.1 Laser sources
3.2 The stimulated-Raman-scattering technique
3.3 Receiving optics
3.4 Detectors
3.5 Data acquisition
3.6 Operational DIAL systems for ozone measurements
3.7 References

Chapter 4 Data processing
E. Durieux and L. Fiorani

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data processing algorithms
4.3 Intercomparison
4.4 Conclusion
4.5 References

Chapter 5 Assessment of accuracy
A. Apituley

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experiments
5.3 Summary of results
5.4 Refernces

Chapter 6 Applications

6.1 The CNRS contribution
G. Ancellet

6.2 Application of a new shot per shot methodology to tropospheric ozone measurements with a shot per shot DIAL instrument
E. Durieux and L. Fiorani

6.3 The multifrequency multichannel Siberian lidar station for sensing the tropospheric-stratospheric ozone and aerosol
V.V. Zuev and V.D. Burlakov

6.4 The aerosol correction method when determining the ozone concentration using a multifrequency lidar
V.V. Zuev and B.S. Kostin

6.5 Vertical soundings of tropospheric ozone with the IFU UV lidar
W. Carnuth, U. Kempfer and T. Trickl

6.6 Remote sensing of turbulent vertical flux profiles and the budget of ozone in the convective boundary layer with DIAL and radar-RASS
J. Bösenberg, C. Senff and T. Schaberl

Chapter 7 TESLAS Publications 1988 - 1995
Appendix

Chapter 8 General Scientific Report
D. Brassington

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Review of tunable diode laser spectroscopy
8.3 The JETDLAG subproject
8.4 References

Chapter 9 Individual Reports from JETDLAG Contributors

9.1 Development of infrared tunable diode lasers specifically suited for spectroscopy applications
A. Lambrecht, H. Böttner and M. Tacke

9.2 Development and application of multi-laser TDLAS Instruments for ground-based, shipboard and airborne measurements of trace species in the troposphere
H. Fischer, J. Bonifer, J.P. Burrows, D. Klemp, U. Parchatka, J. Roths, C. Schiller, T. Zenker, R. Zitselsberger and G.W. Harris

9.3 High frequency modulation spectroscopy with tunable diode lasers
P. Werle, R. Mücke and F. Slemr

9.4 High resolution molecular spectroscopy: pressure broadening and shift of ammonia
G. Baldacchini and F. D'Amato

9.5 IR-fibre optical components for trace gas analysis equipment
R. Grisar, J. Anders, M. Knothe and W.J. Riedel

9.6 TDLAS measurements of HCl, NH₃ and HNO₃ in the troposphere
D. Brassington

9.7 Development of an airborne tunable diode laser spectrometer for fluxes measurements by eddy correlation technique
H. Mac Leod, H. Poncet, G. Ancellet, I. Carrasco, O. Lubin, G. Mégie, F. Huard and W. Riedel

Chapter 10 JETDLAG Publications 1989 - 1995

Chapter 11 General scientific report
P.C. Simon

11.1 Summary
11.2 Aims of the TOPAS subproject
11.3 Principal results
11.4 Achievements
11.5 References

Chapter 12 Individual reports from TOPAS contributors

12.1 Belgian contribution to differential optical absorption studies of the troposphere between 1989 and 1994
R. Colin, M. Carleer, J.M. Guilmot, P.C. Simon, A.C. Vandaele, C. Hermans, P. Dufour and C. Fayt

12.2 Development of DOAS for atmospheric trace species monitoring
B. Galle, H. Axelsson, B. Bergqvist, A. Eilard, J. Mellqvist and L. Zetterberg

12.3 Differential optical absorption studies at East Anglia
N. Smith, H. Coe, B. Allan and J. Plane

12.4 A new generation of DOAS instruments
J. Stutz and U. Platt

12.5 Development of a long path UV-visible spectrometer for atmospheric composition monitoring
J.-P. Pommereau, F. Goutail, P. Laville and M. Nunes-Pinharanda

Chapter 13 TOPAS Publications 1991 - 1995